Management of Shared Media Content

ABSTRACT

A media device allows users to watch and capture portions from a media broadcast. Users may then share the captured media content items with other users, for example, by uploading the items to a community website. Before providing requested media content items to other users, the website may combine advertisements with the media content items. The website may receive advertising revenue from advertisers and may share the advertising revenue with owners of the media content items in exchange for their permission to provide the media content items. The advertisers may provide restrictions on how the advertisements are combined with the media content items, and the content owners may provide restrictions on how the media content items are provided to the users.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/823,066, filed on Aug. 21, 2006, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety; the application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/147,664, filed on Jun. 7, 2005, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/577,833, filed Jun. 7, 2004, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

This application is also related to U.S. application Ser. No. 11/620,707, filed concurrently herewith on Jan. 7, 2007, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates generally to media content management, and in particular to the distribution of shared media content with advertisements and financial arrangements among the distributors, advertisers, and content owners.

2. Background of the Invention

Television and other video content, as well as a myriad of other multimedia, are increasingly finding a home on new devices. For example, television programming is no longer found solely on the television. Through computer networks, as well as other delivery mechanisms, television and other media content are increasingly becoming available on other devices, such as personal computers, mobile phones, PDAs, and other portable computing devices. The increasing availability of the media content also enables viewers to record and share them with others.

One conventional approach for people to share media content is through a peer to peer (P2P) computer network, such as Napster. A P2P computer network is a network that relies primarily on the computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than concentrating them in a relatively low number of servers. Users of the P2P computer network can share media content stored in computers on the network. However, because much of the media content shared includes copies of copyrighted popular multimedia content (e.g., music and movies), sharing of the media content without copyright owners' permissions is illegal in most jurisdictions. Copyright owners (also known as content owners) tend not to grant such permissions because they do not receive any benefit in return. Also, P2P computer network does not provide content owners with the ability to control the distribution of their media content.

Another conventional approach to share media content is for the content owners to provide mechanisms for users to share their media content. For example, the content owners can provide their media content in their websites. People who want to access the media content can visit these websites to access them. However, this approach is inconvenient for the users because there is no central place to access media content. Also, not all content owners have the financial capacity to provide mechanisms for users to access their media content.

Thus, from the above, there is a need for a system and process allowing users to share media content, granting the content owners rights to control the use of their media content, and enabling operators of the system and process to generate advertisement revenue.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the invention allow users of a community website to share media content with other users of the website while grant rights to owners of the shared media content to control the use of their content. Embodiments of the invention also enable the operator of the website to generate advertising revenue and share the revenue with the content owners for the sharing of their content.

In one embodiment, the community website receives media content from users and combines the media content with advertisements. Upon users' request for the media content, the community website provides the combined media content and advertisements to the users. The community website receives advertisement fees from advertisers in exchange for providing the combined media content and advertisements to the users. The community website provides a portion of the advertisement fees to owners of the media content in exchange for permission to provide the combined media content and advertisements to the users.

In another embodiment, owners of media content can set restrictions on their media content to control the use of their media content. In exchange for the website's enforcement of the restrictions the content owners may give permission to distribute the content items. In yet another embodiment, advertisers can set restrictions on their advertisements to control the combination of the advertisements with the media content.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an architecture of a media device, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a process for recording and sharing media clips, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 3(a)-(c) illustrate examples of user interfaces for recording and sharing media clips, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an architecture of a media content management system, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 is an interaction diagram of a process for sharing media content, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the interactions among the website, users, advertisers, and content owners in a business model using the media content management system, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following discussion that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the invention described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Overview

Embodiments of the invention provide an integrated user interface to users of a media device to view media content, record media clips, edit the clips, associate the clips with relevant meta data, and share the processed media clips with others. As used herein, media content and media clips may include any type of media content, including audio or video content, or both. Users can view a media stream, record a portion of the media stream they deemed interesting into a media clip, and send the media clip to others using the integrated user interface.

Embodiments of the invention allow users of a media content management system to share media content with other users of the system. Users of the media content management system can upload media content (e.g., media clips) to the system to share the uploaded media content to others, who can download that media content from the system. Alternatively, the media may ultimately be distributed to viewers via a peer to peer distributed system. That is, the content may be alternatively stored on the computers and other devices of the end users of the system. When a user wishes to view a clip from the system, the clip is sourced from one or more of the other users, or peers.

Embodiments of the invention allow owners of the shared media content (“content owners”) to control the use of their content. Content owners can set a broad range of restrictions on their media content limiting the use of their media content. Examples of the restrictions include the duration, the quality (e.g., resolution, frame rate of a video content, bit rate of an audio content), and the number of people allowed to access the media content.

Embodiments of the invention may also enable the operator of the media content management system to generate advertising revenue. The system combines media content with advertisements and provides the combined media content and advertisements to users upon their requests for the media content. The advertising revenue includes advertising fees paid by advertisers for providing their advertisements to the users. The advertising revenue can be shared with the content owners for their permission to share their content with the users of the system. Advertisements may be sold by the operator of the media content management system or the content owners. Advertisements may also be sold via the use of an automated ad purchase system using key words or other meta data available which is associated with a clip. That is, a small business may want to place an ad opposite any clip of a specific show. Perhaps through a web interface, the small business owner could purchase the ad and upload the creative content which would be shown as an advertisement whenever a clip of the desired show is viewed by a user.

The media content management system described herein can also promote the lawful sharing of copyrighted media content by giving the copyright owners right to control the use of their media content and sharing the advertising revenue generated by distributing advertisement with their media content.

Media Device Architecture

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the architecture of a media device 100 in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. As illustrated, the media device 100 includes a media player module 110, a media editor module 120, and a network client module 130. The media device 100 is communicatively connected to a media broadcaster 140 and a server 150.

The media device 100 includes hardware and/or software devices that are configured to enable users to view media content; record, edit, and associate meta data with the media clip (“clipping”); and share the recorded media clip with others through a single, integrated user interface. The media device 100 is adapted to execute computer program modules. As used herein, the term “module” refers to computer program logic and/or data for providing the specified functionality. A module can be implemented in hardware, firmware, and/or software.

In one embodiment, the media device 100 is a software application running on any general or multi-purpose device (such as a personal computer, mobile device, cellular phone, or any other computing device with sufficient capabilities for these tasks), beneficially avoiding the need for users to carry special equipment to transmit media content to and/or receive media content from the media management server 410. Alternatively, the media device 100 can be a dedicated appliance, such as a place-shifting system or a personal video recorder (PVR). In the case of a placeshifting system (an example of which is the Slingbox from Sling Media), the placeshifting appliance interacts with software located on another device such as a PC or mobile phone by streaming content from the placeshifting appliance to the client device.

The media player module 110 is configured to play media content received from the media broadcaster 140, which may be any source of media, including a placeshifting device. The media content may be delivered to the media device 100 in a variety of ways, including over the air transmission (analog and digital), via cable infrastructure, IP transport (via wired and wireless means), satellite transmission, as well as through many other methods. The models for delivery of content to the media device 100 may vary, including pay-per-view, linear programming, on demand streaming, download and playback, and live streaming from another location, placeshifting, among many others.

The media editor module 120 is configured to provide users with functionality of recording (or capturing) the media content played by the media player module 110. In one embodiment, the media editor module 120 can cache the media content played and provide users with an editing window to define a media clip from the cached content. This allows a user to capture, process, edit, and upload easily a clip that they recently viewed. The media editor module 120 can be further configured to converting the defined media clip from one media format to another or perform any other transcoding, encoding, or other processing on the clip as desired.

The network client module 130 is configured to transmit the recorded media clip to the server 150, or alternatively, to other end users in a distributed storage and distribution architecture. The network client module 130 can be configured to connect with the server 150 through a wired or wireless network. Examples of the network include the Internet, an intranet, a cellular network, or a combination thereof. The server 150 can be a web server, an email server, or other computing devices with network capacity.

The media broadcaster 140 transmits the media content to the media device 100. It can be a central server at a remote broadcasting location, or a computer at a user's home. In one embodiment, the media broadcaster 140 can be a time-shifting device (e.g., a personal video recorder) or a placeshifting device (e.g., a personal broadcaster). In placeshifting, a user can watch or listen to live, recorded or stored media on a remote device via a data network. For example, a user may stream content from a device at home (such as a satellite receiver, cable box, or digital video recorder) to a cellular phone, which can receive the media from across the house, across town, or across the world. This transmission may use public or private networks. A product that currently provides such a placeshifting application is the SLINGBOX™ from Sling Media, Inc., and described in co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 11/147,664, filed Jun. 7, 2005, the content of which are incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Operation of the Media Device

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a process of the media device 100 for recording (or clipping) and sharing media clips in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. The process illustrated in FIG. 2 may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of hardware and software.

The process illustrated in FIG. 2 starts with the media device 100 receiving 210 media content from the media broadcaster 140. The media content can be in the form of a media stream (e.g., television broadcasting). In one embodiment, the media player module 110 plays the media stream on the integrated user interface. One example of this user interface is illustrated in FIG. 3(a). The user interface in FIG. 3(a) includes a media display window 310 to display the received video stream live, which includes controls for users to control the video play (e.g., volume control 312, record button 314) and indicators indicating the status of the video stream (e.g., network transmission speed, video stream status, and video stream title).

Referring back to FIG. 2, the media device 100 receives 220 a command from a user to clip or otherwise capture a portion of the media. The user may submit the command by interacting with the integrated user interface. For example, the user can trigger a designated control (e.g., the record button 314) using a pointing device (e.g., a mouse or touch sensitive screen) or using a keypad. Alternatively, the user may submit the command using devices such as a remote control (e.g., a remote control for a DVR, cable box, satellite receiver, or other media source).

Once the device 100 receives the command, the media editor module 120 may bring up a media editing window in the integrated user interface. The media editing window allows the user to select the starting point and the ending point of the media content that the user would like to capture. In one embodiment, as the media player module 110 plays the media stream, the media editor module 120 continually captures and caches the last five minutes (or some other designated time period) of media content played. The media editor module 110 may be configured to discard the earliest recorded content when the cached stream hits five minutes (or some other designated time period) so that the media that is cached is always the most recent media that has been played. This allows the user to select a portion of what is currently in the cache. In another embodiment, such as with a PVR, the media stream being played by the device 100 may already be stored in a memory, so there is no need to cache a portion of the media being played. In such a case, the captured clip is just a cropped version of a larger media file already stored in memory.

One example of this user interface is illustrated in FIG. 3(b). The user interface in FIG. 3(b) displays the media editing window 320 adjacent to the media play window 310. The media editing window includes a video window 322 displaying the cached media content. The video editing window also includes a slider 324 below the video window representing the duration of the cached portion of the video stream. As shown in FIG. 3(b), the media editing window 320 is displayed adjacent to the media play window 310; however, the media editing window 320 may be displayed as a separate window or by any other method as desired for the user interface.

Referring back to FIG. 2, the media device 100 receives 230 user selections for defining a desired media clip. In one embodiment, a user can select the desired start point and end point through the media editing window. For example, in the user interface illustrated in FIG. 3(b), a user can make the selection by marking the start and end points on the slider 324. In one embodiment, the media device 100 checks and enforces restrictions contained in the metadata of the media stream or otherwise associated therewith. For example, if the restrictions limit the duration of a clip, the media device 100 will not allow the media clip to exceed that limit. The user may also select a frame within the media clip as a representative thumbnail image for the media clip. The media device 100 creates a media clip based on the user selection.

The media device 100 may also tag 240 information to the media clip, such as meta data that describes the clip. The information to be tagged can be manually input by the user and/or it may be automatically associated with the clip. For example, once the clip is captured, the user may input words, phrases, pictures, URLs, titles, actors, networks, channels, or other meta data that the user believes should be associated with the clip. Alternatively or additionally, other methods for automated tagging may be used, such as methods that automatically determine information about the content of the clip and tag the clip with that information. This information may be retrieved from a number of sources, including an electronic program guide (EPG) or the settings on the computing devices. Other observed information may also be a source for tagging information, including the time of day, time zone or location, channel number, title of show, episode, network, etc. The information may further include information expressly associated with the video clip, which may be delivered via the VBI, over an IP network, or by some other means. Other information, such as the closed captioning, may also be a source for automatic tagging. The information tabbed to the media clip can be stored in its metadata. In some embodiments, the user can also change the format of the media clip and set other encoding parameters, such as bit rate.

The media device 100 can transmit 250 the media clip as the user instructs. The user can submit the instruction through the integrated user interface. For example, the media edit window can include a designated button for uploading the media clip to a community website. The user can configure the button to send automatically, manually post, or otherwise upload the media clip to the community website or other online location. The user can configure the button to link with his account in the website. The user can click the button and the network client module 130 will upload the media client. Alternatively, the media edit window can include a drop-down menu allowing the user to select recipients of an email notification. After the media clip is uploaded, a notice will be sent to the email addresses of the selected recipients, noticing them that the user has uploaded a clip, with a pointer reference to the clip stored on the website. This allows the user to share content with a community of users rather than a particular selected person or persons. The community sharing model also enables certain business and advertising schemes, described in greater detail below. In other embodiments, the user can also instruct the media device 100 to save the media clip in a local or remote location.

Alternatively, rather than uploading the media clip, the media device 100 may call an email client (or other local communication client) to create a new email message and attach the media clip to the message. The user can then select the intended recipients of the message and send the message. The media device 100 can also automatically send out the message if the recipient or destination of the video clip has already been determined. The address book databases can be those available from email clients such as Microsoft Outlook, Lotus Notes, and others, as well as any Internet based messaging services, such as MSN Messenger and AOL Instant Messenger.

Example Process for the Media Device

The process described above can be further illustrated through an example of an operation of the media device 100 in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. In this example, the media device 100 is a laptop computer. The media device 100 receives a video stream from a placeshifting system (e.g., a SLINGBOX™) and plays the video stream in an integrated user interface on the computer screen to a user.

When watching the video stream, the user sees something he would like to share with friends. The user presses the record button on the integrated user interface, which immediately launches a media editing window within the application. Within the media editing window, the user has access to last five minutes (or some other duration) of video viewed, which was cached on the hard drive of the laptop computer. The user sets the start point and end point, adds a title to the clip, and presses a recipient button, which brings up a list of friends. The user selects the intended friends. Meta data associated with the clip may also be added manually or automatically. Then the user clicks an upload button on the integrated user interface. The media device 100 uploads the video clip to a community website, and sends a notification email with a pointer reference to the uploaded video clip to the selected friends.

After receiving the notification email, the user's friends can click the pointer and view the video clip in the community website.

Similar experiences are also possible with other devices and solutions. For example, a similar experience can be had on a mobile phone that receives a video stream from a placeshifting device. Alternatively, the interface can be integrated into a DVR connected to the Internet, with the clipping experience presented to the user via a television set and controlled via a remote control. In yet another alternative, the interface may be used on a PC that is not receiving content via a placeshifting device but rather directly via an audio video input (e.g., cable coax) into the PC. Accordingly, the process of viewing, clipping, and sending clips can be advantageously used in a number of different contexts.

Media Content Management System Architecture

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the architecture of a media content management system 400 in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the system 400 includes a media management server 410, an advertisement server 420, and three client devices 430A-C. The media management server 410, the advertisement server 420, and the client devices 430 are communicatively coupled through a network 440.

The media management server 410 includes a hardware and/or software device that is configured to receive media content from and/or provide the received media content to the client devices 430 through the network 440. Media content may include data in medium such as text, audio, still images, video, and graphics, and a combination thereof. Media content can be in different formats. For example, audio content can be encoded in Windows Media Audio (WMA) format or in MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3 (MP3) format. In one embodiment, the media management server 410 includes a web server 412, an application server 414, a payment server 416, and a media store 418. The media management server 410 can also include other components (e.g., an email server), although FIG. 4 omits such components for clarity.

The web server 412 is a front end of the media management server 410 and functions as a communication gateway of the media management server 41 0. The web server 412 receives media content transmitted to the media management server 410 from the client devices 430 through the network 440 and stores the received media content in the media store 418. The web server 412 also receives requests for specific media content units from the client devices 430, retrieves the requested media content units from the media store 418, and provides them to the client devices 430. In one embodiment, the web server 412 is an Internet web server hosting one or more websites.

The web server 412 can support multiple communication protocols for the client devices 430 to send and request media content. For example, the web server 412 can be configured to support file transfer protocol (FTP) such that the client devices 430 can provide and/or access media content using FTP. As another example, the web server 412 may host webpages for users to upload and/or download media content. The web server 412 can provide media content to the client devices 430 in the form of media files or media streams that are suitable for transmission over the network 440, where the media streams can be viewed by end users at the client device 430.

The application server 414 is configured to combine media content with advertisements and provide the combined media content and advertisement to the web server 412. Like media content, advertisements can include data in medium such as texts, audio and video. In some embodiments, instead of advertisements, the application server 414 combines media content with other information (e.g., information about the subject matter of the media content).

The payment server 416 is configured to track balances of related parties (e.g., advertisers, copyright owners, users) based on a payment model. The payment server 416 can also work with the web server 412 to provide the related parties online access to their accounts. The related parties can check account balance, make payments, and transfer funds to their other accounts by accessing their accounts. The payment server 416 can also periodically send invoices and account balance reports to the related parties. In one embodiment, the payment server 416 can be configured to enable the related parties to connect their accounts with their bank accounts and authorize the payment server 416 to automatically deposit money to and/or withdraw money from their bank accounts.

In one embodiment, the payment server 416 is also configured to keep track of the relationships between the media content and the related parties. The relationships include content owners and their media content, advertisers and their advertisements, and users and the media content that they uploaded and/or downloaded. Multiple parties can have ownership interests in one media content unit. For example, a video clip can have multiple copyright holders and multiple licensees. The identities of these content owners can be provided in the metadata accompanying the media content unit. In one embodiment, the payment server 416 creates an account for each content owner and links the account with media content units the content owner has interests in. For example, the account for the Walt Disney Studios can be associated with all video content and graphical content having the image of Mickey Mouse along with other media content owned by the Walt Disney Studios. Similarly, the payment server 416 can also create an account for each advertiser and associate the account with its advertisements, and create an account for each user and associate the account with media content units the user uploaded and/or downloaded. This information can be used to determine balances of the parties. The account information can be saved in the media store 418 together with the media content.

The media store 418 stores the data received from the web server 412, the application server 414 and the payment server 416. These data include media content received from the client devices 430, information associated with the media content (e.g., ownership information), and information about the related parties (e.g., account information). The media store 418 may be a relational database or any other type of database that stores the above-described data. The media store 418 may be accessible by the web server 412, the application server 414, and the payment server 416. The web server 412, the application server 414, the payment server 416, and the media store 418 may be stored and operated on a single computer or on separate computer systems communicating with each other through a network.

The advertisement server 420 includes a hardware and/or software device that is configured to provide advertisements to the media management server 410 and/or the client devices 430. In one embodiment, the advertisement server 420 includes an advertisement application server 422 and an advertisement store 424.

The advertisement application server 422, similar to the web server 412 in the media management server 410, is configured to receive advertisements transmitted to the advertisement server 420 and stores the received advertisements in the advertisement store 424. The received advertisements may include associated ownership information.

The advertisement store 424 stores the advertisements and associated ownership information received from the advertisement application server 422. Similar to the media store 418, the advertisement store 424 may be a relational database or any other type of database. The advertisement store 424 may be stored centrally and operated on a single computer. Alternatively, the advertisement store 424 can include multiple databases, each individually maintained by an advertiser.

In one embodiment, the advertisement server 420 can be combined with the media management server 410. For example, the application server 414 and the web server 412 can be configured to implement the functions of the advertisement application server 422, and the media store 418 can be configured to store the advertisements and associated ownership information that would otherwise be stored in the advertisement store 424.

The client devices 430A-C include hardware and/or software devices that are configured to transmit media content to and/or receive media content from the media management server 410 and/or the advertisement server 420. The client devices 430 can optionally include displays (e.g., an LCD screen) and speakers. In one embodiment, one or more of the client devices 430 can be a media device 100. There can be many client devices 430 in the system 400. FIG. 4 displays only three client devices 430 for clarity.

In one embodiment, the client device 430 is configured to play the combined media content and advertisements received from the media management server 410 and/or the advertisement server 420. For example, the client device 430 can include the media player client as described above, which can play video clips received from the media management server 410 to end users.

In one embodiment, the media management server 410, the advertisement server 420 and the client devices 430A-C are structured to include a processor, memory, storage, network interfaces, and applicable operating system and other functional software (e.g., network drivers, communication protocols).

The network 440 is configured to connect the media management server 410, the advertisement server 420, and the client devices 430A-C. The network 440 may be a wired or wireless network. Examples of the network 440 include the Internet, an intranet, a cellular network, or a combination thereof.

Operation of the Media Content Management System

FIG. 5 is an interaction diagram of a process of the media content management system 400 for sharing media content in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. In this process, the media management server 410 hosts a community website where users of the website can upload, download, share, and exchange media content (e.g., video clips). The process illustrated in FIG. 5 may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of hardware and software.

The process illustrated in FIG. 5 starts with a client device 430A receiving 510 a media stream. As described above with reference to FIG. 5, the client device 430A can include a media device 100 receiving media content and/or media stream from a plurality of sources, such as a TV broadcasting network. The client device 430A can be configured to play the media stream to a user as the stream is received.

The client device 430A captures 520 a media clip in the received media stream. In one embodiment, the client device 430A continually captures and caches the most recently received media stream. The user can use a graphical interface provided by the client device 430A to select the beginning and end of the clip in the cached portion of the media stream that the user would like to capture.

The client device 430A sends 530 the captured media clip to the community website using a communication protocol supported by the web server 412. The web server 412 can require the user to first become a community member by registering an account before they can upload any media content in the community website. The client device 430A can be configured to send 530 the media clip to the community website using the user's account.

After receiving the media clip from the client device 430A, the web server 412 stores it in the media store 418. In one embodiment, the web server 412 also receives identification information related to the received media clip, and stores it in the media store 418 along with the media clip. The web server 412 can provide the received media clips on the community website for members to access. One example of the community website listing the received media clips is illustrated in FIG. 3(c). The webpage shown in FIG. 3(c) lists media clips received from members of the community website. Users accessing this webpage can access the listed media clips by clicking on them.

The application server 414 combines 540 advertisements with the received media clip. As described above with reference to FIG. 4, the application server 414 can receive advertisements from the advertisement server 420 through the web server 412 and the network 440.

The application server 414 can combine 540 the media clip and the advertisements in different manners. As described above, media content and advertisements can include data in medium such as text, audio, still images, video, and graphics. The application server 414 can determine a manner to combine a media clip and an advertisement based on the forms of information included in the media clip and the advertisement. For example, if both include video and/or audio, the application server 414 can join them together, so that the advertisement leads into or follows the media clip. As another example, the application server 414 can present the advertisement alongside the media clip in a web page, such that interested users can access the web page for the media clip, and thereby view the advertisement. As still another example, the application server 414 can place the advertisement as an overlay to the video portion of the media clip. The application server 414 can combine the advertisements with the media clip when the web server 412 first receiving the media clip or after receiving a request for the media clip. Alternatively, the application server 414 can conduct the combination 540 periodically.

In one embodiment, the application server 414 can be configured to enforce restrictions associated with the media content and the advertisements. The advertisements can have restrictions limiting the media content that can be associated with them. For example, an advertiser can prohibit its advertisements from being associated with media content including adult material. As another example, an advertisement (e.g., an automobile advertisement) can require the associated media content to include content relevant to the subject matter of the advertisement (e.g., video clips about car race). Media content can also have restrictions limiting the advertisements that can be associated with the media content.

In one embodiment, the application server 414 identifies restrictions associated with the media clip and/or the advertisements and combines 540 the media clip and the advertisements only if the associated restrictions are satisfied. For example, the application server 414 can combine 540 the media clip with advertisements by first identifying advertisements that satisfy restrictions associated with the media clip, then selecting one or more of the identified advertisements where the combination does not violate the restrictions associated with the selected advertisements, and combining 540 the media clip with the selected advertisements.

Another user of the community website sends 550 a request for the media clip to the community website using a client device 430B. After receiving the request, the web server 412 provides 560 the combined media clip and advertisements to the client device 430B through the network 440. The web server 412 can provide the combined media clip and advertisements in different manners. For example, the web server 412 can send an email to the user containing the associated advertisement and a pointer reference to the media clip. The user can access the media clip by clicking the pointer reference. Alternatively, the web server 412 can provide the user with a webpage including the combined media clip and the advertisements. After receiving the combined media clip and advertisements, the client device 430B can play 570 it to the user.

The operator of the community website may receive 580 an advertisement fee from an advertiser in exchange for providing 560 the combined media clip and advertisement to the user. As described above with reference to FIG. 4, the payment server 416 keeps track of the relationship between the advertisers and their advertisements. Therefore, the payment server 416 can identify the advertisers associated with the combined advertisements, determine the advertisement fees for the advertisers to pay, and charge the advertisers accordingly.

In one embodiment, the advertisement fees are determined by a standard advertising model (e.g., Pay Per Click Advertising (PPC), Pay Per Thousand Advertising (PPM), Fixed Rate) determined by the operator and the advertisers. Various advertising models that may be used with the system 400 are disclosed in U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/780,709, filed Mar. 8, 2006, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The advertising model can provide a range of advertising fees based on multiple factors, such as the nature of the advertisement (e.g., video, audio, or text) and the manner of the association (e.g., the advertisement is joined with a video clip). The payment server 416 can charge the advertising fees from the advertisers by debiting their accounts.

The operator of the community website may also provide 590 a portion of the advertising fees to a content owner in exchange for permission to provide 560 the combined media clip and advertisement to the users. As described above with reference to FIG. 4, the payment server 416 keeps track of the ownership information of the media content. Therefore, the payment server 416 can identify the content owners of the media clip, determine the portion of the advertising fees to the content owners, and credit the content owners accordingly.

In one embodiment, the payment is determined by a royalty rate determined by the operator and the content owners. Similar to the advertising model, the royalty rate can provide a range of royalty payments based on factors such as the nature of the media content. In one embodiment, the royalty is a fixed percentage of the advertisement revenue generated by providing advertisements with media content owned by the content owner. The content owners can also set a fixed fee for their media content. For example, the owner of a home video clip can require 5¢ per access to the video clip. The payment server 416 can provide 590 the royalty payment to the content owners by crediting their accounts.

Business Model for the Media Content Management System

FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting the interactions among entities involved in the operation of the media content management system 400 (hereinafter called “the system 400”) according to a business model. The interactions illustrated in FIG. 6 may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of hardware and software.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, the system 400 can operate to enable users to share and exchange media content, generate advertising revenue by distributing advertisements with the media content, and share the revenue with content owners in exchange for permissions to provide the media content to users with the advertisements. In stead of or in addition to sharing the revenue with the content owners, the system 400 can enables the content owners to control the use of their media content by providing restrictions for permissions to provide their media content to users with the advertisements.

Entities involved in the operation of the system 400 include an operator of the community website 610, advertisers 620, content owners 630, and users 640. The operator runs the media management server 410 to provide a community website 610 for the users 640 to store, share, and exchange media content, and distribute advertisements with the media content to the users 640. The advertisers 620 provide advertisements to the community website 610 to be provided to the users 640 together with the media content in exchange for payments. The users 640 share media content through the community website 610. The content owners 630 give the community website 610 rights to distribute their media content to the users 640 in exchange for payments and/or control.

The community website 610 receives media content from the users 640. As described above with reference to FIG. 4, the community website 610 can require the users 640 to become registered members to upload media content to and/or download media content from the community website 610. The received media content include media content that the users 640 are interested in themselves and/or feel will have a wide appeal to a large audience. The users 640 can also provide descriptive information about the media content to the community website 610.

The community website 610 receives restrictions of the media content from the content owners 630. In one embodiment, a media content unit can have one or more associated restrictions limiting the use of the media content unit. In one embodiment, these restrictions can be provided in the metadata of the associated media content. For example, restrictions associated with a video clip can be transmitted during the Vertical Blanking Interval (VBI) when the video clip is transmitted to the media management server 410. VBI is the period of time between frames in a video transmission when information is still being transmitted but when the information is not being displayed on the screen. Alternatively, the web server 412 can be configured to accept these restrictions separately from the associated media content. For example, the content owners 630 can set restrictions applicable to all or a portion of their media content by interacting with the web server 412. The content owners 630 can also set restrictions applicable to their media content not yet in the media management server 410.

In one embodiment, the community website 610 can enable the content owners to set a broad range of restrictions to their media content, such as: the duration, the quality (resolution, frame rate of a video content, bit rate of an audio content), and the number of people allowed to access the media content. For example, a content owner can set a generic rule like: “All Seinfeld video clips display at lower resolution and may be no longer than 2.5 minutes.” After identifying a piece of media content containing a Seinfeld video clip, the community server 610 may allow access to the media content only if the restriction is not violated. The community website 610 can be configured to modify the media content (e.g., reduce the duration and/or resolution of a video) to enforce the associated restrictions. Alternatively, the modification can be conducted on the user side (e.g., the client devices 430 can be configured to enforce the restrictions).

Content owners 630 may also restrict the access to their media content. For example, the content owners 630 can restrict the access to a media content unit to be by invitation only (e.g., sharing video clips with friends and acquaintances) or available only to registered members. Therefore, the community website 610 will allow users 640 to access a media content unit only if the associated restrictions set by the content owners are satisfied.

Content owners 630 may also restrict the advertisements that can be associated with their media content. For example, a media content unit can have a restriction prohibiting any association with automobile advertisements. As another example, a piece of media content can have a restriction limiting the duration of the associated video advertisement.

Under this business model, content owners 630 may have strong incentives to allow sharing of their media content with the public to promote the popularity of the media content and generate more royalty income, even without receiving a portion of any advertising revenue. For example, Walt Disney Studios may specify in the restrictions that its Mickey Mouse media content are publicly available to promote a re-release of a Mickey Mouse movie or to promote visiting its theme parks. The content owners may have additional incentives by allowing third-party advertisers to attach their own advertisements to the clipped video content, by then receiving a portion of or the entire advertising fee.

The community website 610 receives advertisements from the advertisers 620. The community website 610 can also receive restrictions from the advertisers 620. Similar to the restrictions provided by the content owners 630, these restrictions limit the media content to be combined with the advertisements, and thereby enable the advertisers 620 to better target their advertisements to the right audience.

The community website 610 combines the media content with the advertisements. This combination normally must satisfy the restrictions provided by both the content owners 630 and the advertisers 620. The community website 610 then provides the combined media content and the advertisements to the users 640.

The operator receives advertising fees from the advertisers 620 for distributing the advertisements to the users 640. The operator can share this revenue with the content owners 630 for permissions to provide the media content to the users 640 with the advertisements, to the extent the content owners 630 have rights in the media content.

In one embodiment, the community website 610 distributes the advertising revenue among all entities involved in the operation of the system 410, including the operator, the content owners 630, and even the users 640 that uploaded and/or downloaded the media content. In other embodiments, the advertising fees may be shared just between a subset of the parties, such as the content owners 630 and the operator. In still other embodiments, the advertising fees may be shared with other participants in the distribution chain of the media content, such as the operator of the originating television service (such as a cable provider, especially if the media content originate from content served by an associated set top box), an Internet service provider (ISP) that provides the bandwidth used by the source (such as a place-shifting device), and/or the ISP that provides the bandwidth used by the client device 430 (such as a wireless network provider in the case where the client device 430 is a portable device using a wireless network).

As described above, the operator can operate the system 400 to generate advertising revenue by distributing user-supplied media content with advertisements. The operator can share the revenue with the content owners 630 in exchange for permissions to provide the media content to the users 640 with the advertisements. The system 400 also provides the content owners 630 with the ability to control the use of their media content to address their fears of losing control over their media content.

Example Process for the Media Content Management System

The principles described herein can be further illustrated through an example of an operation of the media content management system 400 (hereinafter called “the system 400”) in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. In this example, the system 400 hosts a community website 610 where users of the website can share audio/video clips.

The example commences with a user 640 watching a TV program Seinfeld previously captured by a Personal Video Recorder (PVR, client device 430). The user 640 finds a section of the video interesting, and invokes a graphical interface of the PVR to capture the video section by selecting the beginning and end of the section. The PVR creates a video clip (Seinfeld clip) containing the captured video section and upload the Seinfeld clip to the community website 610 using the user's account.

The application server 414 identifies the subject matter of the received clip using the metadata stored during the VBI of the video clip, associates the clip with the content owner, Sony Pictures Digital Inc., and stores the clip and the related information in the media store 418.

A second user 640 of the community website 610 subsequently conducts searches in the website 610 for video clips related to Seinfeld using a computer (client device 430), and locates the Seinfeld clip previously received. The second user 640 then submits a request for the Seinfeld clip.

In response to the second user 640's request, the community website 610 checks the restrictions applicable to the Seinfeld clip. The content owner, Sony Pictures Digital Inc., has set a restriction applicable to all Seinfeld video clips limiting their duration to be no more than 2.5 minutes. After confirming that the Seinfeld clip lasts no more than 2.5 minutes, the community website 610 identifies an advertisement for eBay promoting its Seinfeld related auction items (eBay advertisement). Advertiser eBay sets a restriction limiting the eBay advertisement to be combined only with video clips related to Seinfeld. The application server 414 confirms that combining the Seinfeld clip and the eBay advertisement does not violate the restrictions associated with either the clip or the advertisement, then joins the advertisement and the clip into a combined clip, such that the eBay advertisement leads into the Seinfeld clip. Subsequently, the community website 610 generates a webpage including a pointer reference to the combined clip, and redirects the second user 640 to the generated webpage, where the second user 640 downloads the combined clip.

After the combined clip is downloaded in the second user 640's computer, the computer plays the eBay advertisement and the Seinfeld clip to the second user 640. The payment server 416 calculates an advertisement fee for the advertiser eBay and deducts the fee from its account. The payment server 416 also calculates a royalty payment for the content owner, Sony Pictures Digital Inc., and credits the payment to its account.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the invention can provide a web portal for users to share and exchange media contents, while grant content owners rights to control the use of their media content. Operator of the web portal can generate advertising revenue by distributing advertisements together with media contents to the users, and share the revenue with the content owners to compensate them for their permissions to provide their media content to the users.

Any of the steps, operations, or processes described herein can be performed or implemented with one or more hardware or software modules, alone or in combination with other devices. In one embodiment, a software module is implemented with a computer program product comprising a computer-readable medium containing computer program code, which can be executed by a computer processor for performing any or all of the steps operations, or processes described. For example, the physical components used in the system may depend on the method in which the media content is delivered to one or more users of that media content.

The foregoing description of the embodiments of the invention has been presented for the purpose of illustration; it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Persons skilled in the relevant art can appreciate that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by the claims appended hereto.

Finally, it should be noted that the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. Accordingly, the disclosure of the invention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims. 

1. A computer-implemented method for providing media content to users, the method comprising: receiving the media content from users of a community website; combining advertisements with the received media content; providing the combined media content and advertisements to the users upon requests for the media content; receiving advertising fees from one or more advertisers in exchange for providing the advertisements to the users; and providing a portion of the advertising fees to one or more owners of the media content in exchange for permission to provide the media content to the users.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the media content comprises receiving the media content through a network from at least one selected from a group consisting of: a personal video recorder, a place shifting system, and a media player client.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the media content comprises video clips.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving restrictions associated with the media content from the owners, the restrictions indicating one or more limitations on how the media content is provided to the users.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein one or more of the restrictions limit the advertisements that can be combined with the media content.
 6. The method of claim 4, wherein one or more of the restrictions limit the length of the media content that can be provided to the users.
 7. The method of claim 4, wherein one or more of the restrictions limit a quality characteristic of the media content that can be provided to the users.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the quality characteristic is selected from a group consisting of: a resolution, a frame rate, and a bit rate.
 9. The method of claim 4, wherein one or more of the restrictions limit the number of users who can be provided a particular item of the media content.
 10. The method of claim 4, wherein one or more of the restrictions identify a particular item of the media content that cannot be provided to the users.
 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving restrictions associated with the advertisements from the advertisers, the restrictions indicating one or more limitations on how the media content is combined with the advertisements; and applying the restrictions when combining the advertisements with the media content.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein one or more of the restrictions limit the subject matter of the media content that can be combined with a particular advertisement.
 13. The method of claim 11, wherein one or more of the restrictions limit the number of times a particular advertisement can be provided to the users.
 14. The method of claim 1, wherein combining the advertisements with the media content comprises displaying the advertisements as overlays to the media content.
 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the advertising fees are determined by one or more of: the owner, the advertiser, and an operator of the community website.
 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising: providing a portion of the advertising fees to the users from whom the media content was received.
 17. A computer-implemented method for sharing content items among members of a community, comprising: receiving a content item from a first member; receiving a request for the content item from a second member; providing the content item with an advertisement to the second member, the advertisement being associated with an advertiser; receiving an advertising fee from the advertiser in exchange for providing the advertisement to the second member; and providing a portion of the advertising fee to an owner of the content item in exchange for permission to provide the content item to the second member.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein receiving the content item comprises receiving the content item through a network from at least one selected from a group consisting of: a personal video recorder, a place shifting system, and a media player client.
 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the content item comprises a video clip.
 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising: receiving restrictions associated with the content item from the owner, the restrictions indicating one or more limitations on how the content item is provided to the second member.
 21. The method of claim 17, further comprising: receiving restrictions associated with the advertisement from the advertiser, the restrictions indicating one or more limitations on how the content item is combined with the advertisement; and combining the advertisement and the content item based on the restrictions, wherein providing the content item with the advertisement comprises providing the combined content item and advertisement to the second member.
 22. A computer program product for providing media content to users, the computer program product comprising a computer-readable medium containing computer program code for performing a method comprising: receiving the media content from users of a community website; combining advertisements with the received media content; providing the combined media content and advertisements to the users upon requests for the media content; receiving advertising fees from one or more advertisers in exchange for providing the advertisements to the users; and providing a portion of the advertising fees to one or more owners of the media content in exchange for permission to provide the media content to the users.
 23. The computer program of claim 22, wherein receiving the media content comprises receiving the media content through a network from at least one selected from a group consisting of: a personal video recorder, a place shifting system, and a media player client.
 24. The computer program of claim 22, wherein the media content comprises video clips.
 25. The computer program of claim 22, wherein the method further comprising: receiving restrictions associated with the media content from the owners, the restrictions indicating one or more limitations on how the media content is provided to the users.
 26. The computer program of claim 22, wherein the method further comprising: receiving restrictions associated with the advertisements from the advertisers, the restrictions indicating one or more limitations on how the media content is combined with the advertisements; and applying the restrictions when combining the advertisements with the media content.
 27. A system for providing content to a user, comprising: a web server for receiving media content items from users of a website, and the web server configured to receive requests from users for media content items and, responsive to the requests, to provide the requested media content items in combination with advertisements to the requesting users, the advertisements associated with one or more advertisers and the media content items associated with one or more owners; an application server coupled to the web server, the application server configured to combine the media content items with one or more advertisements; and a payment server for debiting the advertisers associated with the provided advertisements for an advertising fee in exchange for providing the advertisements and crediting the owners associated with the provided media content items for a royalty payment in exchange for permission to provide the media content items.
 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the media content items are received through a network from at least one selected from a group consisting of: a personal video recorder, a place shifting system, and a media player client.
 29. The system of claim 27, wherein the media content items comprises video clips.
 30. The system of claim 27, wherein the web server is further configured to receive restrictions associated with the media content items from the owners, the restrictions indicating one or more limitations on how the media content items are provided to the users.
 31. The system of claim 27, wherein the web server is further configured to receive restrictions associated with the advertisements from the advertisers, the restrictions indicating one or more limitations on how the media content items are combined with the advertisements; and apply the restrictions when combining the advertisements with the media content items.
 32. A computer-implemented method for providing media content to users, the method comprising: receiving media content items from users of a community website, at least some of the content items associated with content owners having rights to distribute the media content items; receiving restrictions associated with one or more of the media content items from the content owners, the restrictions indicating one or more limitations on how the media content items can be provided to the users; receiving requests for the media content items from users of the community website; and providing the requested media content items to the users in response to the requests, the content items provided only in accordance with the associated restrictions. 